المؤسسات السياسية والدينية في جمهورية إيران الإسلامية 1979 - 2005

Abstract

Life in Iran–PERSIA-has always been connected with the precept of religion and clergy ,it is indeed a relationship that began to appear in the time of Shah Ismail assafaoui (1501 ad) as he declared the birth of a new political system based on Shiaa precepts ,where the clergy played an important role, as they were involved in all different aspects of life, thus having such big influence on both decision makers and society as whole The Shia’a institution instilled its precepts into the Persian society in a way that made the country get known as the fortress of shia’a and the source of expansion of shia’a . At the time of el Qajar there was a crash between the clergy and the royal family from(1796 to 1925à.Due to behavioral issues of royal family members that were in charge of many departments. In 1925 Redha Khan head of the army then took power after a putsch , which gave birth to a new kingdom “The Bahlawi kingdom” .After facing the clergy their attempt to get hold on the education and justice departments ,he attempted a brutal implementation of secularism and so did his son after him (1941-1979)MohmedRedha shah ,which put the clergy in the shade. At that time the political movement were just the liberal and the left wing .But after the Islamic revolution a new era in Iran’s contemporary history saw the day ,and it clearly showed the new face of Iran as a state whose philosophy is shia’a doctrine which caused the switch from kingdom into an “Islamic republic”. The new constitution was inspired by- wilayate el-fakeeh -,after the leader of this movement ayatollah el Khomeini oriented the revolution toward .the religious currents after convincing the opposition parties to embrace the new doctrine and established his political theory of government . Up to this date the new political reality in Iran has to face a lot of internal an external challenges.